A booster pump, commonly referred to as a “water pressurization system,” is a water pressure system used in places where the water supply is insufficient. It is typically installed in buildings, apartments, detached houses, or high-rise complexes to provide pressurized water when mains water pressure is inadequate. Booster pumps generally operate on electricity and increase the water pressure from taps. They include an expansion tank, which helps supply water in areas where mains water alone is not enough. A booster pump can be connected directly to the water network, but if the mains supply is cut off, the pump cannot operate effectively.
Although commonly known as a device for pressurizing water, booster pumps also serve another purpose: pumping water from a storage tank to a building, especially in single or two- to three-story houses or in areas where water interruptions are frequent. The main difference between a booster pump and a regular pump is that a booster pump is a complete system. It not only includes the pump itself but also control equipment that manages its operation. This system of protective and control components ensures longer pump life and overall system safety.
What is a Hydromat Booster Pump?
A hydromat is a device that converts a regular pump into a booster pump by attaching directly to the pump inlet, without requiring additional controllers. Hydromats are maintenance-free, easy to use, quiet, and simple to install. They do not cause humidity or unpleasant odors in water. Once a hydromat is installed, the pump effectively becomes a booster pump. Hydromats are also referred to as fluid control devices.
Membrane Booster Pump Working Principle
Booster pumps automatically activate when mains water pressure is insufficient. They pressurize water in the tank using air and deliver it to distant points. The pump selection should be based entirely on the required output pressure.
A booster pump system is not just the tank and pump; it also includes auxiliary components mounted on the tank:
- Ball Valve (Shut-off Valve): Stops water flow when needed.
- Check Valve: Prevents water from flowing backward if pressure drops.
- Pressure Gauge (Manometer): Measures system pressure.
- Safety Switch: Releases excess pressure to maintain safety.
- Solenoid Valve: Installed in the air section, controls air intake based on water level.
- Pressure Switch: Controls pump operation according to tank pressure.
Booster Pump Safety
Common issues with booster pumps include continuous operation, failure to start, reduced flow rate, water not being delivered, motor overloading, frequent cycling, and vibrations. Since booster pumps involve electricity and pressurized water, safety is a concern. However, if maintenance and operational guidelines are followed, booster pumps are not considered dangerous. Key safety and maintenance tips include:
- Electrical Panels: These are the heart of the system. Ensure regular maintenance to prolong system life.
- Expansion Tank: Regularly check air pressure every 2–3 months to prevent failures.
- Correct Pump Selection: Consider the number of units, building height, tank location, horizontal and vertical pipe layout, friction losses, and distances to the units served.
Common Problems
Booster continuously runs:** Could indicate a tank issue, check valve leakage, mains water cutoff, damaged expansion tank rubber, or air pressure issues. Always contact a professional if air pressure problems are suspected.
Types of Booster Pumps
- Automatic Air Booster Pumps: Supply their own air, commonly used in apartments or small industrial sites.
- Compressor-Assisted Booster Pumps: Used in large facilities where sufficient air cannot be supplied naturally, e.g., industrial plants or large complexes.
- Membrane Pressure-Balanced Tank Booster Pumps: Found in packaged booster units; small membrane tanks (a few liters to 20–25 liters) that occupy minimal space, typically used in residential applications.
Booster pumps are essential for ensuring consistent water pressure, protecting plumbing systems, and delivering water efficiently in areas with variable or insufficient mains pressure.