Pump models, which entered our lives with Archimedes’ invention and still exist today as Archimedes screws, are useful in many areas and continue to be developed. Pumps, used to lift water, transport liquids, or move fluids from low to high pressure, operate on the principle of mechanical forces pushing the substance through physical lifting and compression. In industry, where pumps are indispensable, another equally important aspect arises: installation. To ensure a pump operates efficiently and performs its function properly, certain points must be considered during installation. So, what should be considered when installing a pump? Let’s examine the details.
Key Considerations for Pump Installation
We can group the key points for pump installation under several headings:
- Pre-installation stage
- Determining the pump installation location
- Pump foundation (pump base)
- Suction pip
- Discharge line
- Centrifugal pump electrical connection
Pre-installation Considerations
Pumps may have a hard and durable exterior, but like all materials, they are susceptible to damage. Even before installation, improper transportation or storage can cause damage. It is recommended to monitor transportation methods before reaching the installation stage. Equipment should be coated with corrosion-resistant materials. If the pump will be installed later rather than immediately, apply anti-corrosion agents to prevent internal rust (check the user manual). The pump must be delivered to the facility according to safety regulations. If installation is immediate, the pump location stage can begin.
Choosing the Pump Location
When installing pumps, leave sufficient space for operation, maintenance, and inspection. If the pump is heavy with a large motor or body, a crane or similar equipment should be available at the site. The pump should be installed in a dry, well-ventilated area, free from freezing and explosion hazards. Proper drainage channels or a drainage pump should be used to prevent water accumulation and leaks.
Pump Foundation (Pump Base)
The pump foundation and installation require careful work. First, prepare the installation site according to the above conditions. Incorrect or careless installation shortens the pump’s lifespan. If insufficient space is left around the pump, maintenance becomes difficult, reducing its operational life and increasing wear and frequent malfunctions. The foundation should be heavy enough to dampen vibrations and strong enough to prevent misalignment of the frame and coupling. Ensure the concrete foundation has fully cured and gained strength before installation. Foundations on solid ground are generally preferred (see pump base user manual).
Suction Pipe Requirements
The suction pipe should be as short and straight as possible. If a longer pipe is required, increase the pipe diameter to reduce friction losses. For pumps drawing water from lower levels, the suction pipe should rise continuously towards the pump to allow air release. The suction pipe must be leak-proof and carefully checked. If fed from a pump located higher, use an isolation valve with a horizontal axis, which must always remain fully open during operation. Air entry must be prevented, and there should be distance between the suction pipe and tank feed pipe. The tank feed pipe should be further away and below the water level. When enlarging the suction pipe, use an eccentric reducer (flat side up). At the pump inlet, install a straight pipe equal to ten times the pipe diameter (Pipe diameter × 10 = straight length). Support the suction system from the floor or ceiling to avoid loading the pump.
Discharge Pipe Considerations
A control valve may be needed on the discharge pipe to adjust flow and discharge height, positioned close to the pump. A check valve installed between the pump and control valve prevents backflow. For discharge heights over 10 m or long discharge lines, protect the pump from water hammer. The check valve prevents reverse rotation during unexpected motor failures or backflow. Use conical reducers when enlarging the discharge pipe, and support the pipe from the floor or ceiling.
Centrifugal Pump Electrical Connection
Key points for electrical connection include:
- Only authorized electricians should make the connection.
- Strictly follow the safety precautions in the pump manual.
- Ensure all power connections are disconnected before installation.
- Avoid contact of cables with the pipe, pump, or motor housing.
- Before connecting the motor, rotate the pump shaft by hand to check free rotation.
- Check the motor grounding connection. Electrical connections vary by motor power, power source, and connection type, so follow the proper procedures.
All remaining details on pump installation can be found in the pump user manual. Following these instructions ensures a safe and efficient pump installation.